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{{Jeremy Corbyn sidebar}}
'''Jeremy Bernard Corbyn''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔːr|b|ɪ|n}}; born 26 May 1949)<ref name="parliament.uk">[http://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/principal/government-opposition/ "Government and Opposition roles"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924104507/http://www.parliament.uk/about/mps-and-lords/principal/government-opposition/ |date=24 September 2015 }}. ''UK Parliament''. Retrieved on 22 September 2015.</ref> is a British politician serving as [[Leader of the Labour Party (UK)|Leader]] of the [[Labour Party (UK)|Labour Party]] and [[Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)|Leader of the Opposition]] since [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2015|2015]]. He has been the [[Member of Parliament]] (MP) for [[Islington North (UK Parliament constituency)|Islington North]] since [[United Kingdom general election, 1983|1983]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Jeremy Corbyn MP|url=http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/jeremy-corbyn/185|website=UK Parliament|accessdate=21 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150716154017/http://www.parliament.uk/biographies/commons/Jeremy-Corbyn/185|archivedate=16 July 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Jeremy Bernard Corbyn, born 26 May 1949 is a British politician serving as Leader of the Labour Party and Leader of the Opposition since 2015. He has been the Member of Parliament (MP) for Islington North since 1983.
Ideologically, Corbyn identifies as a [[democratic socialism|democratic socialist]].<ref>{{cite news|last1=Calamur|first1=Krishnadev|title=How a Socialist Prime Minister Might Govern Britain|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/08/jeremy-corbyn-labour-britain/401492/|accessdate=21 April 2016|work=The Atlantic|date=18 August 2015|language=en-us|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160419015445/http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/08/jeremy-corbyn-labour-britain/401492/|archivedate=19 April 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He advocates reversing [[United Kingdom government austerity programme|austerity cuts]] to public services and welfare funding made since 2010, and proposes [[renationalisation]] of public utilities and the [[Renationalisation of British Rail|railways]]. An [[Anti-war movement|anti-war]] and [[Anti-nuclear movement|anti-nuclear]] campaigner since his youth, he broadly supports a foreign policy of military [[non-interventionism]] and [[Unilateral disarmament|unilateral]] [[nuclear disarmament]].
Ideologically, Corbyn identifies as a democratic socialist. He advocates reversing austerity cuts to public services and welfare funding made since 2010, and proposes renationalisation of public utilities and the railways. An anti-war and anti-nuclear campaigner since his youth, he broadly supports a foreign policy of military non-interventionism and unilateral nuclear disarmament.
Corbyn began his career as a [[Union representative|representative]] for various [[List of trade unions in the United Kingdom|trade unions]]. His political career began when he was elected to [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey Council]] in 1974; he later became Secretary of [[Hornsey (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornsey]] [[Constituency Labour Party]], and continued in both roles until elected MP for Islington North. As a backbench MP he was known for his [[activism]] and rebelliousness, frequently voting against the Labour [[Whip (politics)|whip]], including when the party was in government under [[Tony Blair]] and [[Gordon Brown]]. Corbyn was also the national chair of the [[Stop the War Coalition]] from 2011 to 2015. ▼
▲Corbyn began his career as a [[Union representative |representative]] for various [[List of trade unions in the United Kingdom|trade unions ]]. His political career began when he was elected to [[London Borough of Haringey|Haringey Council ]] in 1974; he later became Secretary of [[Hornsey (UK Parliament constituency)|Hornsey]] [[Constituency Labour Party ]], and continued in both roles until elected MP for Islington North. As a backbench MP he was known for his [[activism ]] and rebelliousness, frequently voting against the Labour [[Whip (politics)|whip ]], including when the party was in government under [[Tony Blair ]] and [[Gordon Brown ]]. Corbyn was also the national chair of the [[Stop the War Coalition ]] from 2011 to 2015.
Corbyn announced his [[Jeremy Corbyn Labour Party leadership campaign, 2015|candidacy for the Labour leadership]] following Labour's defeat in the [[United Kingdom general election, 2015|2015 general election]] and the resignation of [[Ed Miliband]]. Despite entering the [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2015|leadership race]] as the [[dark horse]] candidate and having only just secured 35 nominations from fellow Labour MPs to be placed on the ballot, Corbyn quickly emerged as the leading candidate and was elected leader in September 2015, with a first-round vote of 59.5%. ▼
▲Corbyn announced his [[Jeremy Corbyn Labour Party leadership campaign, 2015|candidacy for the Labour leadership ]] following Labour's defeat in the [[United Kingdom general election, 2015|2015 general election ]] and the resignation of [[Ed Miliband ]]. Despite entering the [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2015|leadership race ]] as the [[dark horse ]] candidate and having only just secured 35 nominations from fellow Labour MPs to be placed on the ballot, Corbyn quickly emerged as the leading candidate and was elected leader in September 2015, with a first-round vote of 59.5%.
After the UK [[United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016|voted to leave the EU]] in June 2016, Labour MPs passed a [[vote of no confidence]] in Corbyn by 172 votes to 40 following the resignation of around two-thirds of Corbyn's [[Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)|Shadow Cabinet]].<ref name="BBC280616">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458|title=Labour MPs pass Corbyn no-confidence motion|publisher=BBC News|date=28 June 2016|accessdate=28 June 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628021029/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458|archivedate=28 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2016|September 2016 leadership contest]], Corbyn retained the party leadership with an increased vote share of 61.8%.<ref name="BBC240916">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219|title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn defeats Owen Smith|publisher=BBC News|date=24 September 2016|accessdate=24 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924105517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219|archivedate=24 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the snap [[United Kingdom general election, 2017|2017 general election]], Labour (under Corbyn) again finished as the second largest party in parliament, but increased their share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a [[hung parliament]]. It was the first time Labour had made a net gain of seats since [[United Kingdom general election, 1997|1997]], and the party's 9.6% increase in vote share was its largest in a single general election [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|since 1945]]. ▼
▲After the UK [[United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016|voted to leave the EU ]] in June 2016, Labour MPs passed a [[vote of no confidence ]] in Corbyn by 172 votes to 40 following the resignation of around two-thirds of Corbyn's [[Official Opposition Shadow Cabinet (United Kingdom)|Shadow Cabinet]]. <ref name="BBC280616">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458|title=Labour MPs pass Corbyn no-confidence motion|publisher=BBC News|date=28 June 2016|accessdate=28 June 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160628021029/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-36647458|archivedate=28 June 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the [[Labour Party (UK) leadership election, 2016|September 2016 leadership contest ]], Corbyn retained the party leadership with an increased vote share of 61.8%. <ref name="BBC240916">{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219|title=Labour leadership: Jeremy Corbyn defeats Owen Smith|publisher=BBC News|date=24 September 2016|accessdate=24 September 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160924105517/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-37461219|archivedate=24 September 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> In the snap [[United Kingdom general election, 2017|2017 general election ]], Labour (under Corbyn) again finished as the second largest party in parliament, but increased their share of the popular vote to 40%, resulting in a net gain of 30 seats and a [[hung parliament ]]. It was the first time Labour had made a net gain of seats since [[United Kingdom general election, 1997|1997 ]], and the party's 9.6% increase in vote share was its largest in a single general election [[United Kingdom general election, 1945|since 1945 ]].
==Early life==
Corbyn was born in Chippenham and brought up in nearby Kington St Michael in Wiltshire. He is the youngest of the four sons of Naomi Loveday (née Josling; 1915–1987), a maths teacher, and David Benjamin Corbyn (1915–1986), an electrical engineer and expert in power rectifiers. His brother Piers Corbyn is a weather forecaster. His parents were peace campaigners who met in the 1930s at a committee meeting in support of the Spanish Republic at Conway Hall during the Spanish Civil War. When Corbyn was seven years old, the family moved to Pave Lane in Shropshire, where his father bought Yew Tree Manor, a 17th-century farmhouse which was once part of the Duke of Sutherland's Lilleshall estate.
Corbyn was born in [[Chippenham]] and brought up in nearby [[Kington St Michael]] in [[Wiltshire]].<ref name="telegraph.co.uk">{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11818744/Jeremy-Corbyn-the-boy-to-the-manor-born.html|location=London, UK|work=The Daily Telegraph|first=Robert|last=Mendick|title=Jeremy Corbyn, the boy to the manor born|date=22 August 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150911171337/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11818744/Jeremy-Corbyn-the-boy-to-the-manor-born.html|archivedate=11 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> He is the youngest of the four sons of Naomi Loveday (née Josling; 1915–1987), a maths teacher, and David Benjamin Corbyn (1915–1986), an [[Electrical engineering|electrical engineer]] and expert in [[Rectifier|power rectifiers]]. His brother [[Piers Corbyn]] is a weather forecaster.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sUZ3CwAAQBAJ|title=Comrade Corbyn: A Very Unlikely Coup: How Jeremy Corbyn Stormed to the Labour Leadership|first=Rosa|last=Prince|date=28 January 2016|publisher=Biteback Publishing|via=Google Books|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{page needed|date=February 2018}} His parents were [[peace campaigner]]s who met in the 1930s at a committee meeting in support of the Spanish Republic at [[Conway Hall Ethical Society|Conway Hall]] during the [[Spanish Civil War]].<ref name=ft>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7d242bcc-3126-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html?siteedition=uk|title=Leftwing outsider Jeremy Corbyn moves to Labour’s centre stage|last1=Pickard|first1=Jim|date=23 July 2015|work=Financial Times|access-date=24 July 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110112945/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7d242bcc-3126-11e5-8873-775ba7c2ea3d.html?siteedition=uk|archivedate=10 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11859396/How-underachieving-Jeremy-Corbyn-is-on-the-verge-of-surprising-everyone.html|title=How underachieving Jeremy Corbyn surprised everyone|publisher=Telegraph Media Group|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|date=12 September 2015|accessdate=16 September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150914203850/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/Jeremy_Corbyn/11859396/How-underachieving-Jeremy-Corbyn-is-on-the-verge-of-surprising-everyone.html|archivedate=14 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bowcott|first1=Owen|title=Right to legal aid is 'basic human right', Jeremy Corbyn tells Justice Alliance meeting|url=https://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jan/07/right-legal-aid-basic-human-right-jeremy-corbyn-justice-alliance-meeting|accessdate=7 January 2016|work=The Guardian|date=7 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160107200341/http://www.theguardian.com/law/2016/jan/07/right-legal-aid-basic-human-right-jeremy-corbyn-justice-alliance-meeting|archivedate=7 January 2016|df=dmy-all}}</ref> When Corbyn was seven years old, the family moved to [[Pave Lane]] in [[Shropshire]], where his father bought Yew Tree Manor, a 17th-century farmhouse which was once part of the [[Duke of Sutherland]]'s [[Lilleshall Hall|Lilleshall]] estate.<ref name="telegraph.co.uk" /><ref>{{cite news|last2=Sawyer|first2=Patrick|last1=Ross|first1=Tim|title=Labour Turns Left: How the outsider with two grade Es at A-level became a prime minister in waiting|url=http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-telegraph/20150913/281715498398812/TextView|work=[[The Sunday Telegraph]]|date=13 September 2015|accessdate=17 December 2016|via=Press Reader|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151002164535/http://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-telegraph/20150913/281715498398812/TextView|archivedate=2 October 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
Corbyn was educated at [[Castle House School]], an independent [[Preparatory school (United Kingdom)|preparatory school]] near [[Newport, Shropshire]], before attending [[Adams' Grammar School]] as a day student.<ref name="roth profile">{{cite web|url=http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN,%20Jeremy/CORBYN,%20Jeremy.pdf|title=Jeremy (Bernard) Corbyn Parliamentary Profile by Andrew Roth|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923060013/http://internetserver.bishopsgate.org.uk/files/Parliamentary%20Profiles%20Archive/A-D/CORBYN%2C%20Jeremy/CORBYN%2C%20Jeremy.pdf|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref name="shropstar">{{cite news|title=Confrontation looms large in life of a rebel with a cause|work=Shropshire Star|date=22 August 2015|page=20}} Part of Special Report on Corbyn and Labour leadership campaign.</ref> While still at school, he became active in The [[Wrekin (UK Parliament constituency)|Wrekin constituency]] [[Young Socialists (UK)|Young Socialists]], his [[Constituency Labour Party|local Labour Party]], and the [[League Against Cruel Sports]].<ref name="shropstar" /> He achieved two E-grade [[GCE Advanced Level (United Kingdom)|A-Levels]] before leaving school at 18.<ref>{{cite news|title=Jeremy Corbyn's A-levels didn't go too well, to say the least|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|accessdate=3 September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823234024/http://www.independent.co.uk/student/istudents/alevel-results-2015-labour-leader-hopeful-jeremy-corbyn-received-2-egrades-in-his-exams-how-did-other-politicians-fare-10454422.html|archivedate=23 August 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265 |title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265 |archivedate=12 September 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Corbyn joined the [[Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament]] (CND) in 1966 whilst at school<ref name=beeb /> and later became one of its three [[Vice chairman|vice-chairs]].
After school,[14] Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for a local newspaper, the Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser. At around the age of 19 he spent two years doing Voluntary Service Overseas in Jamaica as a youth worker and geography teacher.
After school,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|title=Shropshire-educated Jeremy Corbyn joins Labour leadership race|work=Shropshire Star|accessdate=22 September 2015|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923085801/http://www.shropshirestar.com/news/2015/06/04/shropshire-educated-jeremy-corbyn-joins-labour-leadership-race/|archivedate=23 September 2015|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Corbyn worked briefly as a reporter for a local newspaper, the ''Newport and Market Drayton Advertiser''.<ref>{{cite news|title=Night Corbyn devised Wrekin red flag plan|work=Shropshire Star|date=13 October 2014|page=14}}Report by Toby Neal, refers to local Young Socialist activity unconnected with his journalistic work which was remembered by a former colleague quoted in the story.</ref> At around the age of 19 he spent two years doing [[Voluntary Service Overseas]] in [[Jamaica]] as a [[youth worker]] and geography teacher.<ref name="bbcprofile2016">{{cite web|last1=Wheeler|first1=Brian|title=The Jeremy Corbyn Story: Profile of Labour leader|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|website=BBC News|accessdate=15 January 2017|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150912194927/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-34184265|archivedate=12 September 2015|language=English|date=24 September 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first1=Annabelle|last1=Dickson|title=Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn reveals that he has been a geography teacher|url=http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/politics/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-reveals-that-he-has-been-a-geography-teacher-1-4371688|newspaper=[[Eastern Daily Press]]|date=7 January 2016|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170916140346/http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/politics/labour-leader-jeremy-corbyn-reveals-that-he-has-been-a-geography-teacher-1-4371688|archivedate=16 September 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>
==Early career and political activities==
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